1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）
文 献 综 述China and Uzbekistan have had a close trade relation for countries. Uzbekistan is one of the richest Asian countries with the most abundant natural resources, and thanks to its special location, the country frequently has business trades with China. In recent years, Sino-Uzbek trade relations have been greatly developed, and the quality of trade structure and investment cooperation have been improved as well. With the development of the relationship between China and Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan has considered China as a comprehensive strategic partnership, and it can be seen that China is playing a more and more important role in the export and import of Uzbekistan, and China has become the largest trade export of Uzbekistan. In particular, the implementation of China's "One belt, one road" has laid a significant foundation for trade development in Uzbekistan. The improvement of the Sino-Uzbek economic bilateral trade volume reached 8 billion US dollars in 2021.Uzbekistan is a big country in Central Asia with a large population, rich in cotton, gold, oil and gas. Its famous as one of the "Central Asian Four Golden" countries. In military and economic aspect, Uzbekistan is also at the first and second place in central Asian countries, we can say Uzbekistan is a pioneer and center of central Asia. After the collapse of Soviet Union, the five countries in Central Asia have begun to carry out international trade with China. As the center of Asian economy, Uzbekistan is closely connected to China. Over the years, the two countries have maintained a friendly, unified and active relationship. In addition, Uzbekistans international status is gradually rising. Uzbekistan as a sovereign country has been recognized by many countries, which means that Uzbekistan's foreign trade is getting more and more international market share. The Chairman of China Xi Jinping, in September 2013 gave a very important speech in Kazakhstan named Promote people's friendship and create a beautiful future. It was the first time to put forward the strategic idea of building the "Silk Road Economic Belt", and the chairman further pointed out the cooperation in policy dissemination, route connection, trade smoothness, currency circulation. In 2014, the President of Uzbekistan Kalimov said: Uzbekistan is willing to actively participate in the construction of the "Silk Road Economic Belt" to promote economic trade and interconnection, so that prosperous Uzbekistan can be more close with the growth of China. Undoubtedly, "Silk Road Economic Belt" has brought a huge investment opportunity for China to go overseas, and it will definitely bring new growth opportunities to Uzbekistan, who is looking forward to being part of this project.In recent years, due to the introduction of "One belt, one road", most foreign scholars have been discussing the trade cooperation between China and Central Asia with the help of this concept. Chris Devonshire-Ellis (2021) [1] has published an article called Uzbekistan- An Economic Role Model for Central Asias Belt Road Initiative. The article pointed out that Uzbekistan as a landlocked country actively takes part in the trades with its neighbor countries. Also, the Belt and Road initiative is opening the corridor to the Persian Gulf, enabling the countrys commercial trades to expand. On the website of Higher School of Economics, Russian researcher Azamat Ibragimov [2] (2020) published an article The Uzbekistans Approach to the Implementation of Chinese Initiative One Belt, One Road aiming to identify the approach Uzbekistan has been employing to reap benefits from One Belt One Road, minimize the costs of OBOR and avoid being engaged in potential superpower rivals that could emerge between China, Russia and the west.Since Uzbekistan is the center of Central Asian economy, economists in Uzbekistan are very concerned about the development of Uzbekistan economy, the change of its status in the Central Asian economy and the economic and trade cooperation between Uzbekistan and other countries, especially with China. Vladimir Paramonov (2010) and Aleksei Strokov (2010)[3] [4] specialize in studying the issue of Central Asian countries, and describing energy policies and the integrated direction of internal and external policies of China. They also analyzed Uzbekistan economic policy. Denis Davlatov's (2014) article Analytics: in Silk Road Economic Belt [5] introduces Uzbekistan Traffic and Cargo Transportation Overview. It provides official logistics statistics. Bakhtiyor Ergashev (2016) [6] from Uzbekistan described the "One belt, one road" strategic profile and goal, analyzed the benefits in transportation field for Uzbekistan in the project. Sherzod Akhtamov (2015) from Uzbekistan [7] mainly studied the trade development trend between the two countries, analyzed the main problems in the relationship between the Chinese economic and trade relations, and proposed his prediction for the future economic and trade cooperation between the two countries.Chinese experts focus on the economic aspects of this issue. For example, Chu Yin, Chai Pingyi (2015) [8] wrote about the political structure, the investment environment of Uzbekistan, and the prospects of Sino-Uzbek economic cooperation, etc. This article also included GDP data of Uzbekistan. Ba Shusong (2013), Wang Zhifeng (2013) [9] made comments on the opportunity One belt one road brought for Hong Kong, and stated what countries in this project should do to seize this opportunity, such as maintenance of railways, attracting large investment, which is also a great inspiration for the development of Uzbekistan. Cheng Rong (2010) [10] analyzed the cause and impact of transferring property abroad of Uzbekistan and discuss how to avoid exchange risk when Chinese companies investing in Uzbekistan. Due to the geographic relations with Uzbekistan, Xinjiang, the closest region of China to Uzbekistan, plays an extremely important role in the Sino-Uzbek trade relations. For example, Falhati (2009), Ren Yunzhu (2009) [11] analyzed the difficulties and opportunities for Xinjiang enterprises to invest Uzbekistan directly in the context of economic crisis. They also proposed that Xinjiang enterprises should actively respond to difficulties, seize opportunities, and give full play to M A investment advantages, complete overseas investment, and enhance their international competitiveness of enterprises. Meanwhile, Uzbekistan should also get fully prepared to seize opportunity and to face dilemma it might encounter with during this process. Feng Hao (2014) [12] in his own research pointed out the direction and the goal of constructing international channel under the strategy of One belt one road, and made relevant recommendations for expanding commodity circulation channel. Xu Xian (2016) [13] had a research about the development of insurance industry under the impact of One belt one road. He evaluated the political risks, disaster risks, etc. that may be caused by large amount of overseas investment. The solutions and recommendations in their studies also apply to China and Uzbekistan. Hu Ying, Li Daojun (2006) [14] are more concerned about cooperation of China Xinjiang and Central Asian countries. In his article he compared different countries trade structure, as well as their own advantages and disadvantages. Besides, these three experts Li Wenqun, Mao Huiying (2016) [15] and Yang Lei (2011) [16] also published their own ideas of the development of China and Central Asia. Yang Lei described the advantages of Central Asian countries in the economic aspect - oil, natural gas and non-ferrous metallic resources. He evaluated the comprehensive development of economic and trade cooperation between China and Central Asia after the collapse of Soviet Union. In theory, it is very valuable to Li Yanfang (2015), Li Bo (2015) [17], Zhu Xianping, Zhang Jianzhengs insights into this topic are also of great significance. Li Yanfang, Li Bo studied trade development, trade relations and trade potential of China and the Silk Road since 1999 from three levels of the whole central Asian region, five main regions and specific counties. In China experts who specialize in the general situation of Uzbekistan and the Sino Uzbek cooperation under the instruction of One belt one road are as following: Liu You'an [18] explored the Uzbek people's migration process, and the influence of China on Uzbekistan after they moved into Central Asia, such as their cultural changes. Yan Xuejun (2012) [19] introduced us to Uzbekistan's economic profile, resource advantage, and how to attract foreign investment and foreign trade as well as the foundation of Sino-Uzbek economic and trade cooperation. He also analyzed the three stages situation, characteristics and changes after the independence of Uzbekistan. The author also made useful recommendations for Sino-Uzbek economic and trade cooperation. By analyzing diplomatic decision-making factors and its impact, Zhao Huarong (2007) [20] revealed the characteristics of Uzbekistans diplomacy.References:[1] Chris Devonshire-Ellis Uzbekistan- An Economic Role Model for Central Asias Belt Road Initiative [J]. Silk Road Briefing 2021(07):1[2] Azamat Ibragimov The Uzbekistans Approach to the Implementation of Chinese Initiative One Belt, One Road 2020 http://www.hse.ru/en/edu/vkr/364252327[3] Владимир Парамонов, Строков Алексей. Энергетические интересы и энергетическая политика Китая в Центральной Азии[J]. Центральная Азия и Кавказ, 2010, 13(3) ：32-33 [4] Владимир Парамонов, Алексей Строков. Китайский экономический экспресс в центре Евразии: новая угроза или исторический шанс [D]. Барнаул, 2010：129-135 [5] Denis Davlatov. Analytics: In Silk Road Economic Belt[J]. Analytics, 2014： 10-11 [6] Bakhtiyor Ergashev. Silk Road Economic Belt and Uzbekistan. Economic review[J]. 2015(08): 15-16 [7] Sherzod Aktamov. 乌中贸易关系中存在的问题及前景展望[J]. 商场现代化, 2010(18)：3[8] 储殷，柴平一. 一带一路投资政治风险研究之乌兹别克斯坦[OL]. 中国 网， 2015 [2015-04-13]. http://opinion.china.com.cn/opinion_57_126957.html [9] 巴曙松，王志峰. 香港如何在 一带一路中寻求发展[J]. 人民论坛, 2013(74)：51-61 [10] 程蓉. 中资企业如何面对在乌投资的调汇风险[J].亚信息，2010（S1）：3-5 [11] 法尔哈提，任云珠. 金融危机背景下新疆面向中亚五国境外直接投资研究 [J]. 新疆金融，2009(11)：32-34 [12] 冯浩. 一路一带战略下国际通道建设问题的思考[J]. 综合运输，2014(10)： 30-31 [13] 许闲. 一带一路战略与保险业的冷思考[J].上海保险，2016(05)：17-18 [14] 胡颖，李道军. 中国新疆与中亚诸国贸易竞争力与贸易互补性的实证研究 [J]. 新疆农垦经济，2006(5)：40-43 [15] 李文群，毛慧颖. 中东欧丝绸之路区域物流环境发展比较研究[Z]. 教育教 学论坛，2016(20): 103-104 [16] 杨雷. 中国在中亚的经济存在引起的反响及对策[D]. 俄罗斯中亚东欧市场，2011(11)：1-8[17] 李艳芳，李波. 中国与海上丝绸之路沿线区域/国家的贸易联系和贸易潜 力分析[J]. 南亚研究季刊，2015(03)：98-108 [18] 刘有安.乌兹别克人的迁徙及其社会文化变迁[J]. 甘肃联合大学学报（社会 科学版），2008，24(1)：5-9 [19] 燕学军. 中国与乌兹别克斯坦经贸关系研究[D]. 新疆师范大学，2012 [20] 赵会荣. 论影响乌兹别克斯坦外交决策的因素[J]. 俄罗斯中亚东欧研究， 2007(01)：61-68[21]Bandiera, L., and V. Tsiporoulos, 2019, A Framework to Assess Debt Sustainability and Fiscal Risks Under the Belt and Road Initiative, Policy Research Working Paper 8891, World Bank, Washington, DC. [22]Baniya, S., N. Rocha, and M. Ruta, 2019, Trade Effects of the New Silk Road: A Gravity Analysis, Policy Research Working Paper 8694, World Bank, Washington, DC.[23] Kuchins, A., J. Mankoff, A. Kourmanova, and O. Backes, 2016, Uzbekistans Evolving Foreign Economic and Security Interests, CSIS, Washington, DC.[24] Reed, T., and A. Trubetskoy, 2019, Assessing the Value of Market Access from Belt and Road Projects, Policy Research Working Paper 8815, World Bank, Washington, DC[25] Lain, Sarah, 2016, Trade Connectivity: The Missing Link in the Belt and Road, The Diplomat
2. 研究的基本内容、问题解决措施及方案
Problems to be studied or solved1. The historical background and cultural origins of China and Uzbekistan 1.1 The economic situation, resource advantages, foreign trade, and attracting foreign capital of two countries1.2 Current situation, characteristics and positive factors of trade relationship between China and Uzbekistan after the independence of Uzbekistan2. Fields involved in the project2.1 How One belt one road affect the trade relationship between the two countries3. Problems and challenges along the way4. How to take advantage of One belt one road to promote economic developmentMethodologyThis study is based on works written by authors in the field of One belt one road and trade relations between China and Uzbekistan. Therefore, the methodology of this study is a preliminary review of all available data that are social-economic in nature, under the instruction of One belt one road. Materials were collected through official websites, various books, research articles, magazines, newspapers, various reports and seminars.
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